Italy: Country Report | 2024

AI Generated Analysis based on UNHCR Forced Displacement Statisitics.

Executive Summary

Key Trends in Forced Displacement and Protection: Italy 2024

A Humanitarian Crossroads Under Unprecedented Pressure

Italy stands at a critical juncture, grappling with a dramatic surge in forced displacement that is straining national systems to their limits. By the start of 2024, the number of people of concern to UNHCR surpassed 523,000, marking a staggering increase of nearly 75,000 individuals in a single year. This growth is not diffuse; it is overwhelmingly driven by the fallout from a single major international crisis, with refugees from one nation alone now numbering over 167,000. The demographic profile, dominated by adult men who have undertaken perilous journeys, underscores the urgent and complex protection needs at Europe’s southern border.

Overburdened Systems and the Human Cost of Delay

The immense influx of arrivals has placed Italy’s reception and asylum infrastructure under severe pressure. A growing backlog of cases has extended the average processing time for a first-instance asylum decision to a staggering 439 days. This prolonged period of uncertainty leaves tens of thousands of individuals in limbo, unable to rebuild their lives and fully integrate. While national authorities grant some form of protection in nearly one-third of cases—confirming the legitimacy of these claims—the system’s capacity is being progressively outpaced by new arrivals, creating a bottleneck that directly impacts human dignity and social cohesion.

The Paradox of Solutions: A Glimpse of Potential Amidst a Widening Gap

The landscape of durable solutions presents a stark and challenging duality. The extraordinary response to the war in Ukraine demonstrated what is possible, with over 61,000 solutions recorded in 2022—primarily through temporary protection—a figure that dwarfed the modest annual totals of previous years. This proved that with sufficient political will, Europe can mobilize large-scale, effective responses. However, this remains a powerful exception. As the numbers revert to pre-crisis patterns, the fundamental, systemic gap between the number of people in need of lasting protection and the solutions available is re-emerging, underscoring the urgent need for consistent, predictable, and equitable solidarity for all refugee populations.

Population Overview

Population Overview: Italy

By the start of 2024, the number of people of concern to UNHCR in Italy had reached over 523,000. This constitutes a significant net increase of nearly 75,000 individuals in just a single year, underscoring the dynamic and challenging protection environment along the Central Mediterranean route. The data reveals that this growth was not uniform; it was overwhelmingly driven by a substantial rise in one specific population group, which expanded by over 60,000 people between 2023 and 2024.

Behind these stark numbers lies a highly concentrated population structure. Nearly 60 per cent of all individuals of concern fall into a single category, characteristic of a major country of asylum experiencing continuous arrivals and processing backlogs, with the vast majority being asylum-seekers awaiting decisions on their claims. This highlights the immense pressure on Italy’s reception and asylum systems.

The demographic profile of this population is markedly imbalanced. Adult males aged 18-59 constitute the single largest cohort, outnumbering adult females in the same age group by more than two to one. This pronounced skew is typical of populations undertaking perilous journeys to Europe, where men often travel first in search of safety and stability. In contrast, children, adolescents, and the elderly represent a much smaller fraction of the overall population.

The drivers of this displacement are similarly concentrated. The analysis of nationalities reveals that while Italy hosts a diverse population, the humanitarian context is profoundly shaped by a single major crisis. Refugees from the leading country of origin, numbering over 167,000, account for more individuals than the next eight largest origin countries combined. This powerful trend illustrates how specific geopolitical instability and conflict continue to be the primary forces compelling people to seek international protection in the region.

Demographics

AI Insight: Treemap chart of population of concern types in Italy, where one category accounts for nearly 60% of the total 523,000 individuals., This treemap visualization breaks down the 523,000 individuals classified as populations of concern in Italy as of 2024. The area of each rectangle is proportional to the population size of a specific category, providing a clear visual comparison of their relative scales.

The data reveals a highly concentrated distribution. The largest single group comprises 312,849 individuals, representing approximately 59.8% of the total population of concern. A statistical analysis of the seven population categories shows a median value of zero, indicating that several categories (such as ‘Returned IDPs’) have no recorded individuals in Italy for this period. This extreme skew highlights that the vast majority of the population falls into just a few key categories.

This pattern is characteristic of a major country of asylum on a significant migratory route. The largest group typically consists of asylum-seekers awaiting decisions on their claims, reflecting ongoing arrivals and processing backlogs. The other significant, albeit smaller, rectangles likely represent recognized refugees and individuals under other forms of international protection.

AI Insight: A population pyramid of refugees and other populations of concern in Italy by age and gender, where adult males aged 18-59 represent the largest demographic group., This population pyramid illustrates the age and gender distribution of the 949,833 individuals of concern to UNHCR in Italy as of 2024. The data reveals a significant demographic imbalance. The population is predominantly male, with males constituting approximately 62% of the total, while females account for about 38%.

The most striking feature is the large concentration of population in the 18-59 age bracket. Males in this group represent 47.9% of the entire population, making them the single largest cohort. Females in the same age range are the second-largest group but at a much lower proportion of 22.0%. This indicates that adult males outnumber adult females by more than two to one.

In contrast, all other age groups are substantially smaller. Children and adolescents (ages 0-17) and the elderly (60+) represent a minor fraction of the total population, with more balanced gender ratios within these younger and older cohorts. The minimum proportion for any single age-gender group is just 0.25%.

This demographic structure, characterized by a large ‘youth bulge’ skewed towards adult males, is typical of asylum-seeking populations arriving in Europe, often reflecting perilous journeys undertaken primarily by men seeking safety and employment.

Trends Over Time

AI Insight: Column chart of population types in Italy from 2019 to 2024, where the total number of people of concern shows significant fluctuation with a peak in the latter years., This column chart presents a year-by-year breakdown of UNHCR’s populations of concern in Italy from 2019 to 2024, with figures reported in thousands. The data is disaggregated into six population types. The analysis of the underlying data, which spans 36 records, shows that the total number and composition of these populations have varied significantly over the six-year period. The count for any single population group in a given year ranges from zero to a maximum of 312,849. The high maximum value, compared to a mean of 55,710, suggests a substantial increase driven by a specific population group in one of the more recent years. Notably, the category ‘returned internally displaced persons (IDPs)’ consistently shows zero individuals, which is expected as Italy is a host country for externally displaced populations. This visualization is critical for tracking demographic trends, planning humanitarian assistance, and informing protection strategies for refugees and asylum-seekers in Italy.

AI Insight: Bar chart of population changes in Italy from 2023 to 2024, where three population groups increased and three decreased, with the most significant change being an increase of over 60,000 individuals in one group., This bar chart provides a comparative analysis of six distinct population groups of concern to UNHCR in Italy, detailing their numerical changes between the start of 2023 and the start of 2024.

Overall Trend: The total population across these six groups shows a net increase. The aggregate number grew from approximately 448,200 in 2023 (mean of 74,703 per group) to approximately 523,100 in 2024 (mean of 87,188 per group), representing a total increase of about 74,900 people.

Detailed Analysis: The chart distinguishes between groups that expanded and those that contracted: - Increases: Three of the six population groups experienced growth. One group saw a particularly substantial increase of 60,356 people, which was the largest absolute change recorded. The other two groups grew by smaller margins. - Decreases: The remaining three population groups saw a reduction in their numbers over the same period.

Statistical Context: The data highlights a dynamic situation where population shifts are not uniform. The mean absolute change across all groups was 12,485 people. The significant variance in changes—from a large increase of over 60,000 to decreases in other categories—underscores the different trends affecting each population group.

Implications: These figures reflect the complex migration and displacement dynamics in Italy. A large increase in a specific population group could be attributed to new arrivals, geopolitical events, or changes in asylum processing. Conversely, decreases may indicate successful integration, resettlement, voluntary returns, or changes in legal status. This detailed breakdown is vital for UNHCR to plan and allocate resources effectively, tailoring protection and assistance to the specific needs of both growing and shrinking population groups.

AI Insight: Horizontal bar chart of the top 9 countries of origin for refugees in Italy in 2024, where the leading country accounts for over 167,000 refugees, a number substantially higher than all other origins combined., This horizontal bar chart details the distribution of refugees in Italy by their primary country of origin for the year 2024. The data is presented for the top nine countries, plus a tenth category for ‘Other’ nationalities.

The most striking feature of the data is the significant disparity in population sizes. The top country of origin contributes 167,780 refugees, making it a major outlier. In contrast, the other countries listed have populations ranging from a minimum of 4,406 to just under 20,000. The median number of refugees across these origin groups is 15,052. The mean is significantly higher at 31,285, skewed by the one large value. This distribution highlights that while Italy hosts a diverse refugee population, the humanitarian context is dominated by the situation concerning a single country of origin.

Geography & Movements

Geography and Movements: Italy’s Dual Role in Displacement

The data for 2024 underscores Italy’s complex and pivotal role within global displacement patterns, revealing its dual status as both a major host country and, to a lesser extent, a country of origin for forcibly displaced populations. This duality presents a multifaceted protection landscape that demands nuanced understanding and tailored responses.

As a primary destination, Italy hosts a significant number of refugees and asylum-seekers. The data reveals a highly concentrated origin profile, with one nationality accounting for 167,780 individuals—a figure that dramatically surpasses all other groups and shapes the national protection environment. An analysis of trends from 2019 to 2025 further illustrates the dynamic nature of these movements. The composition of national origins has shifted over time, with populations from key countries such as Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Egypt, and Eritrea consistently forming a significant part of the displaced community. This evolving landscape requires UNHCR and its partners to remain agile, adapting protection services and integration support to meet the changing needs of diverse communities.

In parallel, a less prominent but important trend emerges from the data: Italy is also a country of origin for refugees and other persons of concern. The global distribution of this population is highly concentrated. Of the top ten destinations, one country alone hosts over 6,700 individuals, representing a significant outlier and the primary hub for this displaced group. Beyond this main host, the population is sparsely distributed across the globe, with a median of just 19 individuals across the 14 countries for which data is available.

Behind these stark numbers lies the story of Italy’s dual role on the international stage. This reality presents unique challenges, demanding a comprehensive approach that addresses the robust protection needs of a large and diverse refugee population within its borders, while also ensuring international support for the smaller, yet concentrated, population displaced from Italy. Understanding these distinct but interconnected flows is critical for effective resource allocation, tailored policy-making, and the pursuit of durable solutions for all affected.

AI Insight: Choropleth map of destination countries for displaced people from Italy as of 2024, where a small number of countries host these populations, with a maximum of 1,565 individuals in a single country., This choropleth map displays the global distribution of refugees, asylum-seekers, and other persons of concern originating from Italy, as recorded by UNHCR in 2024. Countries are color-coded based on the total number of these individuals they host.

Statistical analysis reveals that the population of concern from Italy is sparsely distributed globally. Out of 241 countries and territories, data is only available for 14 destination countries. The number of individuals in these host countries ranges from a minimum of 5 to a maximum of 1,565.

The data is highly skewed, with a few countries hosting the majority of the population. The median number of individuals per host country is 19, while the mean is significantly higher at approximately 150. This disparity highlights the influence of outlier countries with larger populations. Specifically, 50% of the host countries have between 10 and 60 individuals from Italy.

Origin of Displaced Populations

AI Insight: Horizontal bar chart of the top 9 countries of origin for refugees in Italy for 2024, where one country accounts for a significantly larger population of 167,780 people compared to all other origins., This horizontal bar chart displays the number of refugees in Italy by their top nine countries of origin, plus an ‘Other’ category, as of 2024. The data reveals a highly skewed distribution. One country of origin is the source for a vast majority of refugees, with a total of 167,780 individuals. This figure represents an extreme outlier in the dataset. The median number of refugees from a country of origin is 15,052, indicating that half of the listed countries have fewer people than this. The interquartile range, from 6,041 (25th percentile) to 19,818 (75th percentile), shows that the central 50% of the origin countries have populations within this relatively narrow band. The smallest group from a top country of origin consists of 4,406 people. The large standard deviation of 50,091, compared to the mean of 31,285, statistically confirms the significant impact of the top country on the overall distribution.

AI Insight: Alluvial diagram of the origins of forcibly displaced populations in Italy from 2019 to 2025, where the composition and size of populations from 11 key countries of origin are shown to evolve over time., This alluvial diagram illustrates the changes in the national origins of forcibly displaced populations residing in Italy over a seven-year period, from 2019 to 2025. The chart maps flows from 11 distinct countries of origin, with the width of each flow corresponding to the number of people from that country in a given year.

Statistical analysis of the underlying data, which comprises 77 data points, reveals significant variations in population sizes. The number of people from a single country of origin in any given year ranges from a minimum of 1,139 to a maximum of 175,632. The mean population size is 33,033, while the median is 18,421, indicating that a few large national groups significantly influence the average. Prominent countries of origin with data across the full period include Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Egypt, and Eritrea.

The visualization is designed to highlight key trends, such as which nationalities constitute the largest groups of displaced people in Italy and how this composition shifts year-on-year. This is critical for UNHCR and its partners to understand evolving displacement dynamics, anticipate protection needs, and effectively plan resource allocation and integration programs.

Destination

AI Insight: Column chart of the top 10 destination countries for forcibly displaced people from Italy, where the primary destination hosts a significantly larger population (over 6,700) compared to the other nine countries., This column chart presents the top 10 destination countries for forcibly displaced populations originating from Italy as of 2024. The data reveals a highly skewed distribution of displaced individuals across these countries. The number of people ranges from a minimum of 70 to a maximum of 6,718. The primary destination country is a significant outlier, hosting over 6,700 individuals. In contrast, the median number of displaced people across the top 10 countries is only 254. This disparity is further highlighted by the large difference between the mean (1,196) and the median, indicating the strong influence of the top destination on the average. Half of the listed countries host between 106 and 1,287 individuals. This concentration suggests that support and resources for this specific displaced population are most critically needed in one primary location.

Asylum System

Pressures on National Asylum Systems

The data reveals that national asylum systems, particularly in key arrival countries, continued to operate under immense pressure throughout the reporting period. In Italy, for instance, the volume of asylum procedures demonstrated significant volatility, reaching a notable peak with 158,588 cases being handled at one stage, reflecting a surge in new applications and straining the country’s reception and processing capacity. One person may have multiple applications, meaning the data represents the volume of procedures, not unique individuals.

Behind these stark numbers lies a direct consequence of this increased demand: a growing gap between new claims registered and the capacity to adjudicate them. The cumulative number of asylum applications has progressively outpaced the number of decisions rendered, resulting in a significant backlog. By 2024, this had extended the average processing time for a first-instance decision to 439 days, prolonging the period of uncertainty for individuals and families awaiting a resolution on their future.

An analysis of over one million case pathways in 2024 illustrates the complexity of the determination process. While a substantial number of individuals were ultimately granted some form of protection, the largest flows through the system led to either rejection or the granting of subsidiary protection status. This underscores the critical role of the appeals process as a safeguard for ensuring access to international protection for those initially refused.

The outcomes of these procedures vary significantly depending on the applicant’s country of origin. Recognition rates for refugee status for the top ten nationalities ranged widely, from as low as 1.7 per cent to as high as 27.3 per cent. However, a broader view reveals that the total protection rate—which includes subsidiary and complementary forms of protection—is substantially higher at an average of 32.7 per cent. This indicates that while many may not strictly meet the 1951 Convention criteria for refugee status, national authorities frequently recognize their need for international protection. In contrast, applications lodged by nationals from countries presumed to be safe, such as other EU Member States, had an average recognition rate of just 2.9 per cent, reinforcing the integrity of the asylum system’s core principles.

AI Insight: Bar chart of asylum applications and decisions in Italy from 2019 to 2024, where the total number of cases shows significant variation and a notable peak towards the end of the period., This bar chart presents the total numbers for different stages of the asylum process in Italy, covering the period from 2019 to 2024. The data is categorized by the stage of the asylum procedure, such as applications, first instance decisions, and final decisions.

Statistically, the dataset reveals high volatility in the annual figures. The total number of cases in any given category and year ranges from a minimum of 2,799 to a maximum of 158,588. The average count is 48,268, with a median of 43,989. The substantial standard deviation of 43,383 highlights the significant fluctuations over time and between different stages. The data’s distribution is right-skewed, indicating that while most figures are clustered below the mean, there are instances of exceptionally high numbers, particularly the peak of 158,588. This suggests a period of intense activity, likely a surge in new applications in one of the later years. The subtitle notes that one person may have multiple applications, meaning the data represents the volume of procedures, not unique individuals.

AI Insight: Alluvial diagram of Refugee Status Determination outcomes in Italy for 2024, showing the flow of 1,057,771 cases through the decision-making process, with the largest flows leading to rejection or subsidiary protection as final outcomes., This alluvial diagram illustrates the pathways and outcomes of 1,057,771 Refugee Status Determination (RSD) decisions recorded in Italy during 2024. The chart visualizes the flow of asylum cases through distinct stages of the legal process, from initial application to first instance and final decisions.

The diagram is structured around three vertical axes representing key stages: Initial Application, First Instance Decision, and Final Decision. Colored bands, or flows, connect these stages, with the thickness of each band being proportional to the number of individuals in that specific pathway.

Analysis of the flows indicates a multi-layered decision process. At the first instance stage, a large portion of the initial 1,057,771 applications are channeled into several main outcomes: a significant number are rejected, while others are granted either full Refugee Status or Subsidiary Protection. A smaller but notable flow often corresponds to cases closed for administrative reasons or granted other forms of protection.

The final decision stage reveals the impact of appeals and reviews. Some flows from the ‘Rejected’ category at the first instance are shown to transition to a protection status (Refugee or Subsidiary) in the final stage, indicating successful appeals. Conversely, some cases may be overturned. The final distribution of outcomes highlights that while a substantial number of individuals are granted some form of protection, a large cohort ultimately faces rejection.

Contextually, this visualization is critical for UNHCR’s monitoring of Italy’s asylum system. It provides a clear overview of the system’s efficiency and fairness, highlighting the protection rates at different legal stages. The data underscores the importance of the appeals process as a crucial corrective mechanism for asylum seekers who are initially rejected. The distribution of outcomes—Refugee Status (as per the 1951 Convention), Subsidiary Protection (for those facing serious harm), and rejections—informs UNHCR’s advocacy and capacity-building efforts with Italian authorities.

AI Insight: Area chart of cumulative asylum applications versus decisions in Italy from 2020 to 2024, where a widening gap indicates a growing backlog and an average processing time of 439 days by 2024., This area chart illustrates the trend in asylum case processing in Italy from 2020 to 2024. The chart displays two cumulative series on the y-axis against time on the x-axis: the total number of asylum applications registered and the total number of first-instance decisions rendered.

ANALYSIS: The upper boundary of the shaded areas represents the cumulative count of applications, while the lower boundary represents cumulative decisions. Both series show a consistent upward trend, as is expected with cumulative data. Critically, the chart reveals a persistent and growing gap between the number of applications and the number of decisions. This gap, represented by the vertical distance between the two lines, signifies the backlog of pending cases in the Italian asylum system.

KEY FINDINGS: The backlog has expanded significantly over the observed period. The most prominent feature of the visualization is an annotation for 2024, which quantifies this gap not just as a number of cases, but as an average processing time. By 2024, this delay has reached an average of 439 days. This metric provides a clear and impactful understanding of the waiting period asylum-seekers face. The data shows cumulative figures reaching over 500,000, underscoring the scale of the asylum system’s operations and challenges.

IMPLICATIONS: From a UNHCR perspective, this growing processing time is a significant concern. Extended waiting periods can exacerbate the vulnerability of asylum-seekers, leading to prolonged uncertainty and psychosocial distress, while also straining national reception capacities. The data highlights a critical need for enhancing the efficiency and capacity of the asylum procedure in Italy to ensure timely protection for those in need.

Recognition Rates

AI Insight: Vertical bar chart of the Refugee Recognition Rate by country of origin in Italy for 2024, where the rate varies significantly, from a low of 1.7% to a high of 27.3% for the top 10 countries., This vertical bar chart presents the Refugee Recognition Rate in Italy for 2024, focusing on the top 10 countries of origin by total asylum decisions. Each bar represents a country and its height corresponds to the percentage of positive decisions for refugee status.

Statistical analysis reveals a significant disparity in outcomes. The average Refugee Recognition Rate across these ten countries is 6.86%, with a standard deviation of 7.83%, indicating high variability. The rates range from a minimum of 1.69% to a maximum of 27.3%. This demonstrates that nationality is a critical factor in the outcome of an asylum claim in Italy.

It is crucial to note that this chart only depicts the rate for formal refugee status. The data shows a much higher ‘Total Recognition Rate’ (mean of 32.7%), which includes other forms of protection such as ‘Complementary Protection’. This implies that a substantial number of applicants who are not granted full refugee status still receive some form of protection. The countries are ordered by the total volume of decisions made, which ranged from approximately 31,000 to 148,000, not by the recognition rate itself.

AI Insight: Column chart of the 2024 refugee recognition rate for Italian nationals in the top 10 countries of asylum, where the recognition rates are exceptionally low, with the highest rate being 10.2%., This vertical column chart displays the refugee recognition rates for asylum seekers from Italy in 2024. The data is presented for the ten countries of asylum that processed the highest number of applications from Italian nationals during this period. The countries are ordered by the total number of decisions made, not by the recognition rate itself.

A statistical analysis of the underlying data for these 10 countries reveals that asylum claims from Italian nationals are rarely successful. The total number of decisions processed per country varies significantly, ranging from 26 to 864. Across these countries, the average refugee recognition rate is a mere 2.94%. The rates are heavily skewed towards zero, with at least half of the countries having a recognition rate of 0%. The maximum recognition rate observed among this group is 10.2%.

The extremely low recognition rates are contextualized by Italy’s status as a member of the European Union. Citizens of EU member states are generally not considered eligible for asylum in other member states, as they are presumed to be safe from persecution. Consequently, applications from Italian nationals are often deemed inadmissible or manifestly unfounded, leading to the low rates shown in the visualization.

Solutions

The Complex Landscape of Solutions

The pursuit of durable solutions for forcibly displaced people remains one of the most significant challenges in the global protection landscape. While the ultimate goal is to end displacement through voluntary repatriation, local integration, or resettlement, the data reveals a complex picture of both exceptional responses and persistent systemic gaps. The situation in Italy between 2019 and 2025 serves as a powerful case study of this dynamic.

In the years preceding the full-scale invasion of Ukraine, the number of durable solutions recorded in Italy was modest, hovering around 500 annually between 2019 and 2021. During this same period, the number of individuals formally recognized as refugees significantly outpaced the solutions available, with recognitions exceeding 10,000 in 2019 alone. This data highlights a persistent and widening gap between the acknowledgement of protection needs and the provision of lasting solutions.

The data reveals a dramatic shift in 2022. The number of solutions recorded skyrocketed to over 61,000, an unprecedented figure more than 120 times higher than the previous year. This extraordinary increase is largely attributable to the rapid activation of temporary protection mechanisms for refugees fleeing Ukraine, demonstrating the capacity of states to mobilize large-scale responses in moments of acute crisis. For the first time in the reporting period, the number of solutions vastly outstripped formal refugee recognitions (7,193), underscoring the unique nature of this emergency response.

However, behind these stark numbers, the subsequent trend indicates a return to long-standing challenges. While the 11,460 solutions recorded in 2023 remained well above pre-crisis levels, they represented a significant decrease from the 2022 peak. Furthermore, the gap between new recognitions and solutions re-emerged and is projected to continue. The Italian example thus illustrates a dual reality: the remarkable potential for solidarity and immediate protection in the face of a major emergency, set against the enduring, systemic difficulty of securing sustainable, long-term solutions for all who need them.

AI Insight: Column chart of solutions for forcibly displaced people in Italy by year from 2019 to 2025, where the number of solutions peaked dramatically in 2022., This column chart displays the annual number of solutions for forcibly displaced people in Italy for the years 2019 through 2025. The data reveals a period of relative stability followed by an exceptional surge.

From 2019 to 2021, the number of solutions was consistently low, with figures around 472 in 2019, 345 in 2020, and 504 in 2021.

In 2022, there was an extraordinary spike, with the number of solutions skyrocketing to approximately 61,064. This peak is the most significant feature of the dataset and likely reflects a major displacement event, such as the response to the crisis in Ukraine.

Following this peak, the number of solutions decreased significantly in 2023 to 11,460, but this figure remains substantially higher than the pre-2022 levels. The downward trend continues with 2,088 solutions in 2024 and a projected 1,008 in 2025. The overall trend indicates a major humanitarian response in 2022, with lasting effects on the protection landscape in Italy.

AI Insight: Line chart of refugee recognitions versus available solutions in Italy from 2019 to 2025, where solutions spiked dramatically to over 61,000 in 2022, greatly exceeding recognitions and reversing the trend seen in all other years., This time-series line chart compares the annual number of refugee recognitions with the number of available solutions in Italy for the period 2019 to 2025. The chart highlights the significant disparity between these two metrics, with a notable anomaly in 2022.

The number of refugee recognitions begins at 10,130 in 2019, fluctuates over the years, and is projected to be 2,799 in 2025. In contrast, the number of available solutions remains very low from 2019 to 2021, ranging from 345 to 503.

A key insight is the exceptional spike in solutions in 2022, which reached 61,063, vastly outnumbering the 7,193 recognitions for that year. This indicates a potential large-scale integration, resettlement program, or data adjustment. In all other years shown, recognitions significantly outpace solutions, indicating a growing gap between the number of people granted protection and the durable solutions available to them.

Below is the data presented in the chart:

Year	Recognitions	Solutions
2019	10,130	470
2020	4,587	345
2021	6,845	503
2022	7,193	61,063
2023	4,905	11,460
2024	6,024	2,089
2025	2,799	1,010